Graffiti and Popular Culture Essay

The treatment of mainstream society is normally dichotomized by the complexity of its being famous in light of the fact that it is belittled by the best number of a society’s populace and by its being well known due to its multiplication to assist the privileged of the general public which enormously uses it as a ground-breaking instrument of oppression. Sociologists are partitioned between inverse perspectives. In any case, mainstream society doesn't generally dwell on the contrary energies. It very well may be additionally seen as something that is between the affirmed responsibility for masses and the incredible system of hardly any amazing people. As needs be, mainstream society is a persuasive procedure achieved by the requirement of it from above of the cultural structure to the securing of it from underneath the cultural structure. This case is profoundly bolstered by Hall in calling attention to that mainstream society is really a twofold progression of limitation and resistance. While powers from above of the general public are utilizing mainstream society as an instrument of concealment, it is likewise an instrument of battle for the lower powers of the general public. In the errand of finding mainstream society as a rationalistic procedure, it is an advantageous undertaking to initially characterize the well known and social part of mainstream society. The typical definition must be first talked about. After will be the elaboration of Hall’s observation with respect to the mainstream society. At long last, a model on the useful use of Hall’s see with respect to mainstream society must be provided. As Raymond Williams expressed, the word well known is really gotten from the word â€Å"popularis†, a Latin word which implies â€Å"belonging to the people†. In the early presentation of the word famous, it is frequently used to credit to the implication of things with respect to the â€Å"most known† and â€Å"the most common†. Additionally it alludes to the â€Å"most favored†. Sooner or later of the early on utilization of the word, it has laid on alluding to lack of bias. Be that as it may, the most widely recognized meaning of the word well known up to the here and now is as yet alluding to the â€Å"most familiar†. This definition has leaded the route to the attribution of the word mainstream to most noteworthy number of individuals in many social orders, which essentially makes the lower layer out of social orders. It is on the grounds that individuals in the most minimal layer of the general public are commonly the best constituent of social orders. In this way, the term well known is ascribed to the biggest piece of the number of inhabitants in a general public, which is for the most part the majority. In portraying the importance of the word â€Å"culture†, it is an inescapable errand to dig into the plans and images of cultural structures which incorporate conventions, customs, basic feelings, and leftovers that speaks to the historical backdrop of constituents of a general public. The exchange of these plans and images of cultural structure from age to age is likewise a significant component of the importance of the word â€Å"culture† Anthropologists are comparable with the previously mentioned meaning of culture. This definition is really considered as the most normal meaning of culture: So, I don't get our meaning by culture? A genuinely run of the mill see, both in like manner language and in the manner in which anthropologists have moved toward their work, considers culture to be a mutual group of exclusively, replicated through time that makes social orders particular. It appears that there is a conviction in the meaning of culture. In any case, the meaning of culture isn't constantly seen as something that is perpetual and stable. Its definition is likewise seen as something that is changing relying upon the specific circumstance and reference. Concluding from the by and large recognized meaning of mainstream society, the well known viewpoint and social part of the meaning of mainstream society can be produced. Mainstream society is then cited on the grounds that it means the ubiquity of a culture which speaks to images, customs, conventions and convictions in a general public. Thus, mainstream society additionally encapsulates the attributes, characteristics, and highlights of a specific or a general prevalent thinking, custom, convention, item, or thought. Mainstream society is famous on the grounds that it is possessed by the masses. It is the most available and inescapable kind of culture. This is so in light of the fact that it rises above boundaries. At certain occasions even the monetary part of life is crossed by prominence of mainstream society. The prominence of mainstream society goes past race, ethnicity, and age, area of habitation, nation, sexuality and sex. Mainstream society takes into account the biggest number of individuals that it can cook. However much as could be expected the accessibility of a type of mainstream society is reached out to horde varieties of social classifications. To accomplish the expansion of mainstream society, results of it is produced and made so that it is socially impartial. This solitary implies that results of mainstream society are not slanted in any side of the range of social classes. Any individual who devours or bolster any type of mainstream society is relied upon to intently relate the result of mainstream society as a part of their character. This connection incredibly concerns the social tendency of the individual. In this manner, results of mainstream society are required to be possessed by everybody regardless of sex, sexuality, age, nationality, and ethnicity. Despite the fact that, ubiquity rises above the obstruction of social inclination and favoritism, prevalence likewise makes ready for the correspondence of a mainstream society to a particular social inclining. Each social class, for example, sex, sexuality, age, ethnicity, or nationality make and gadget an extraordinary and impossible to miss design of offering importance to the experience of mainstream society. Each social class glace at various points in considering and encountering mainstream society. In model, sexual orientation makes a distinctive way of the experience of mainstream society. It concerns the interaction of the manliness, gentility and promiscuity of the experience of a specific result of mainstream society. In the event of experiencing mainstream society, the manliness, womanliness or cross-sexuality of an individual can be illustrated. This is obvious in the heap selections of items that are sold. The item taking into account manly male is not the same as an item obliging a ladylike male or manly female or an indiscriminate. The idea of mainstream society in the perspective on Hall is commonly worried on the translation of the entire experience of an item or a mechanism of mainstream society. The significance of the experience doesn't live exclusively on the goal of the maker of a specific item or of the encoder of the importance. It likewise doesn't rely upon the formation of significance of the buyer of the item or of the encoder of the importance. The source of Hall’s perspectives can be followed back to his conviction that the work of language concerns setting of intensity and organizations. In the utility of language, people become dynamic operators just as recipient of importance. Subsequently people are seen as generators and simultaneously customers of culture at the same time. For Hall, it is incorrect to accept that people as buyer and generator just ingest the experience of mainstream society without censuring it. Normal people playing out the twofold job of being a generator and purchaser have the intensity of creating meaning and encountering meaning. People are dynamic and at same time inactive. They are dynamic, since they create significance of the mainstream society experience from their constitution of importance. They are aloof on the grounds that they are the collector of the experience. Foundations and organizations delivering mainstream society have no complete control of the responses and reactions of people that get the experience. It is certain that they can force and truly force there anticipated that response of people should a specific encounter of mainstream society. Nonetheless, they can't absolutely depend on their desire. This is obvious on the changes that are made by these establishments on the improvement of their items and administrations. They have to make changes with the goal that their items and administrations by one way or another oblige the overall population. What's more, these changes depend on the responses and inputs of the shoppers. In some embodiment, organizations and organizations of mainstream society creation are likewise collector of the importance forced by buyers on encountering the item and administration of organizations and establishments. The hypothesis of gathering and printed examination of Hall elucidated the job of the buyer as a crowd of people of a book encoded by organizations and firms of mainstream society creation. The possibility of literary examination clarifies that the crowd or the shopper is consistently on the understanding and conflict with the expectations of the makers of mainstream society. In model, the significance of a book of an encounter fluctuates from the perspective of the customer and the maker. While the maker forces the significance by the restriction of the methods of articulation of a book through bundling, the customer doesn't generally agree to the forced importance of the maker. The shopper makes a recognized significance about their experience. In making this significance, the component of social classes enters the image. The significance is made reliant on which social class does the buyer has a place. Sexuality, age, race, and monetary force are the variables in the production of importance. Subsequently, this making of importance results into either the excusal or acknowledgment of the purchaser with respect to the forced significance of the maker of explicit mainstream society item or experience. Hence the significance of the experience rests sooner or later between the maker and the customer. The understanding truly matters and neither the mediator which is for this situation the buyer nor the deciphered which is the item or the administration as a type of mainstream society. Along these lines well known cul

Like a Father free essay sample

The Saturday night air blows through the field, the virus breeze simply munching over my face. Chills shock down my spine, raising the hair on my arms as the group keeps on cheering. A voice is heard over the boisterous speaker, Drum major, is your band prepared? flagging our sign to salute. The salute is fresh, spotless, similar to a very much oiled machine. I ascend the platform stepping stool, each progression feeling miles separated. This is the time. The following 8 minutes of my life will speak to everything; 7 years, innumerable long stretches of training, and the accomplishment of 250 others riding under the care of me. I look at my chief. He looks on unhesitatingly, yet with incredible comprehension. He knows Im prepared, he puts stock in me. Before I know it, were off. 56. 5 6 7 8. Ive never truly been an unshakable sort of child. For whatever length of time that I recollect, its been play currently, work later. We will compose a custom exposition test on Like a Father or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Life was a treat. Drifting through school classes on c normal evaluations appeared to be the standard when I hit secondary school. By at that point, I was your commonplace prepared to-drop-out green bean, who was, well, prepared to drop out. The main things keeping me were companions, guardians, and the law. Alongside the absolute minimum classes on my timetable, I had chosen for take band, for the most part since I anticipated that it should be a simple, brush off class. In any case, what I didnt think about the Westlake secondary school band was that it was famous for being a standout amongst other walking groups in the province of Texas. It was comprehended that all together accomplish that notoriety, long difficult work must be placed in from each individual from the band. Naturally, I was scared. I had drifted through school on the premise that the work I did didnt influence anybody other than me. Realizing that band was a firm unit, and that every part added to the general achi evement of the association, I would need to change. In spite of my assurance to keep away from the individual discussions with the executives concerning my absence of activity to battle for the group, it substantiated itself unavoidable. The pointless talks and breaking down class grades didnt work. I kept on walking on, and on, and on, through the unfathomable length of time that was two years of secondary school walking band. Despite the fact that disliked, my innate sluggishness worked, in any event previously. The privileged men who had helped us through a great many triumphs for as far back as two years were presently gone, and I out of nowhere ended up stressing under the heaviness of all the exclusive requirements. In spite of the massive weight, it wasnt enough to break the profoundly installed sluggishness that I had come to know and despise. To me, it wasnt worth battling for. There was no explanation in my psyche that would legitimize my going well beyond what was required. I required something else. I required something th at I couldnt find inside myself. It was a Thursday morning. The cold November air felt nearly as dull as the early daytime walking schedule that we some way or another figured out how to call a practice. We had quite recently come back to the band corridor where the despairing climate was at last starting to lift as solidified fingers were softening back to life. Mr. Taylor ventured out of his office, pointed his arm toward me, and brought me into his office with a harsh twisting of his pointer, the sort of movement that says you, here, presently. Having never been in his office without leaving very nearly tears, I started intellectually setting myself up for the most exceedingly awful. The discussion started a similar route as usual. Despite the fact that there was an alternate vibe to everything. A feeling of urgency started to show up in his voice, something Ive never heard. He addressed me on the current circumstance before letting me know precisely what I expected to hear. He revealed to me that I will never kn ow the genuine degree of my impact. He said I could be the contrast between the notable and very much loathed eleventh spot finish at Bands of America, and a since quite a while ago wanted in front of the rest of the competition title. I had the ability to change lives, and he knew it. I left that office not with tears, yet with want; want to be what nobody anticipated that me should be. I needed to be the change that the band required, so I could leave secondary school realizing that I changed everyone around me, however that I changed myself. We finished my lesser year with our most exceedingly terrible outcome yet. There was a hopeless anguish hanging over the band in the wake of getting our 26th spot result at BOA far more awful than the eleventh spot that was recently viewed as unsuitable. The agony and disappointment I felt was supplanted uniquely by the vacancy felt by the senior class. They needed to confront the way that all the difficult work they put into band finished into humiliation and disillusionment. That would not be my destiny. My inheritance wasnt going to be 26th spot. My inheritance would be here, presently, on this Saturday night. It would be each one of those long stretches of difficult work blazing before the eyes of the 250 others riding under the care of me while the outcomes are being declared. It would be 7 years of commitment paying off over the most recent eight minutes. It would do what nobody figured I could do. My heritage would be my executive realizing he settled on the correct decision a s I step down from the platform at UIL State Finals.

Safety Behaviors That Maintain Social Anxiety

Safety Behaviors That Maintain Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Safety Behaviors That Maintain Social Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 19, 2018 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Michael Prince / Getty Images People who suffer from social anxiety disorder (SAD) often engage in safety behaviors. These are those things that you do to try and avoid embarrassment in front of others. Although it may seem like doing these things helps to reduce your anxiety, in the long run, what you are doing is actually maintaining your fear.?? For example, if you think that you can only survive giving a speech if you never look up at the audience, then you may always be afraid of public speaking. For people with SAD, safety behaviors serve the purpose of controlling or limiting your experience of situations and managing feelings of anxiety.?? If you arent sure whether you engage in any of these types of behaviors, think about how you behave when you are in social or performance situations. Do you do things differently than when you are on your own? Perhaps when speaking to others you talk very softly or cover your hand with your mouth. You might rehearse what you are about to say for fear of it coming out the wrong way. You might also avoid eye contact and keep your hands out of sight so that others cant see you shake. All of these behaviors are designed to try and mask your anxiety. Do you ever find yourself not following the conversations around you? If so, you might be detaching yourself from the conversation as a way of staying safe. Daydreaming is a way of staying inside your head and not really being involved in what is going on around you. Although you might feel less anxious, if you stop daydreaming and start engaging, the anxiety will return. This behavior is just a band-aid solution to a larger underlying problem. Safety behaviors can also be harmful in their own right. Some people with social anxiety disorder might use alcohol or drugs as a way to cope with social situations.?? Over time, casual use of alcohol can turn into full-blown alcoholism. These types of safety behaviors not only maintain and prolong anxiety but can lead to serious negative effects. Avoidance Safety behaviors can be even more subtle than the ones listed above.?? Perhaps you have developed an easy signature so that people will not see your handshake when you sign in front of them. You might avoid trying new things for fear of embarrassment if you make mistakes or cant figure things out in front of other people. Some people with SAD are even careful about when they leave their homes so that they dont run into neighbors and have to make conversation. The problem with safety behaviors is that they maintain anxiety. You believe that the only reason you survive situations is that of the measures that you take to control your anxiety. The key to gaining real control is to expose yourself to situations without using your safety behaviors and observe the result. Over time, you will realize that you can get by without behaving in these specific ways.?? This type of exposure is best conducted as part of a professional treatment program with a therapist. Get Help From the 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Is The National Tobacco Campaign Essay - 1616 Words

Psychology is defined as the study of the human mind and mental status in order to predict and also explain aspects of human behaviour. In regards to the behaviour concerning addiction, tobacco use is considered the most highly used (and abused) legal substance nationwide. It also has the highest leading risk factors causing considerable rates in morbidity and mortality and several types of cancer, respiratory disease and heart disease; relating to why promoting behavioural change (through aspects of psychology) is considered so imperative in today s healthcare environment. In addition, the health promotion source that this essay will be examining is the National Tobacco Campaign, aimed at altering smoking behaviours, plus the associated advertisement strategies used, and lastly the psychological theories associated. According to the Australian Government Department of Health website (2013), The National Tobacco Campaign (NTC) is a nationally recognised health promotion movement (pro vided under the organisation QuitNow Australia and launched by the Australian Department of Health and Ageing in 2011) aimed at providing smokers with the appropriate motivation and support aimed at achieving adequate behaviour change regarding addictive (tobacco use) behaviours (Department of Health and Ageing, 2012). It is also considered the highest evaluated national health promotion campaign in Australia due to its accomplished rates in producing successful behaviour change, the abilityShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion And Primary Health Care1537 Words   |  7 Pagesbiological, genetic or biochemical solutions’ (Mittlemark, cited in Keleher 2001, p. 7). However, health inequalities are still prevalent across the public health sector which need to be addressed. Particularly, this paper will focus on the National Tobacco Campaign and how these principles are incorporated in the program and their success in addressing the health inequalities associated. Smoking is one of t he largest leading causes of preventable death and disease in Australia and is also ‘responsibleRead MoreAnti Smoking Programs For Smoking1589 Words   |  7 Pagesof many anti-smoking programs. The first large-scale national anti-smoking program was implemented as a part of the Fairness Doctrine, from 1967 to 1970 (Farrelly et al. 2005). During this time, television networks were required to maintain a balance between anti-smoking and pro-smoking advertisements. Since then, many other campaigns have taken on the challenge of combatting anti-smoking with the tobacco industry’s promotion. The â€Å"truth† campaign, specifically, imposed an early and effective modelRead MoreTobacco Smoking Is The Largest Single Preventable Cause Of Disease1516 Words   |  7 Pages Overview ‘’ Tobacco smoking is the largest single preventable cause of death and disease in Australia† (Cancer Council, 2006). The 2003 Australian Burden of disease study considers tobacco smoking as a leading cause of disease burden in Australia (Begg S, 2003). Anti-Cancer Council of Australia conducted its first national survey which shows that during the middle of last century, large numbers of males aged 16 and over were smokers and compared to females. However, in the following decades, theRead MoreIntervention Strategy : Educating People On Sacred Tobacco And Its History1532 Words   |  7 PagesIntervention Strategy 1: Educating People on Sacred Tobacco and its History Just like any culture, depicting what is sacred and what is not is always a constant battle. To be exactly sure where and when it started is very broad, due to the fact that Native American people revolve around an oral history, but is present is all history that is known today. There is not any solid evidence on traditions or cultures that Native American people practiced before European settlers moved in. More or so, whatRead MoreEssay On National Youth Smoking1385 Words   |  6 PagesMethods National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) is a survey administered to middle and high school students in the United States (20). It is a three-stage cluster sampling method that is representative of students in 6th to 12th grade attending public and private schools (20). The data were obtained from 2016 NYTS. The students that participated in the study were asked questions on current use of different tobacco products: cigarette use, cigars, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, hookahs (water pipesRead MoreTruth or Lie?1230 Words   |  5 Pagestheir life. The tobacco industry is huge in order to provide cigarettes to the quarter of Americans that currently smoke. The statistics that resulted from the survey did not even include other types of tobacco products, which are just as harmful. However, even realizing the harm that tobacco products can cause, tobacco companies use a variety of devious methods to draw people in to buy their product, especially younger people. With all of the money fl owing in from their consumers, tobacco companies lobbyRead MoreResearch: Tabacco Control and Road Safety in Australia1584 Words   |  7 Pagesbrings together information and data from different sources to describe two of Australia’s major successes in health outcome. These are: A) Smoking and Tobacco Control B) Road Traffic Safety DESCRIPTION Australia ranks highly among nations in efforts to reduce the burden of tobacco caused deaths and disease (WHO, 1997).This is to not ignore the fact that many Australian’s (Indigenous group) are still to quit smoking and enjoy a healthy life. Taking actionRead MoreSmokers in the U.K. and U.S.A. and the Treatment of Social Pariahs1773 Words   |  7 Pagesand U.S.A and the treatment of social pariahs In recent years, antismoking campaigns has increased due to the harmful effects that are caused by smoking. People smoke not caring about the consequences that it has not only on them, but also on other people. In the U.K and U.S.A, campaign might or might not be effective. This essay seeks to illustrate the cause and effect of antismoking campaigns, T.V advertising, campaigns against smokers not being allowed N.H.S treatment, and the ban of smoking inRead MoreEssay on Teen Smoking is Bad1074 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of the 14th century, the global influenza pandemic of 1918–19, and the modern tragedy of HIV-AIDS.† Health care advocates, concerned about tobacco-related deaths and illnesses, have worked tirelessly to discourage cigarette smoking in the United States through education campaigns that warn the public about the potential health dangers of tobacco use. A particular target for these antismoking messages is teen smokers. According to 2001 data collected by the American Cancer Society, teen smokingRead MoreTobacco And The Abuse Of Other Smoked Drugs Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction. Tobacco and the abuse of other smoked drugs is still among the top most causes of mortality and disease in the United States. In 2013, Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) published a report unveiling that 18.1% of U.S adults smoke. From the report, Tobacco use topped the list of the most dreaded etiologies of preventable mortality killing more than 480,000 people annually. This has necessitated the initiation of campaigns to promote healthy lifestyles among the population

Essay about Compare and Contrast Gender Roles - 1113 Words

BATTLE OF THE SEXES Long gone are the days when women were expected to stay at home and play â€Å"housewife†, cooking, cleaning, and making sure the kids got off to school, while their husbands worked a 9 to 5 in order to make ends meet. Today, women are no longer viewed as weak and incapable. A â€Å"superwoman† is the new woman. Men as the â€Å"breadwinners† have been replaced by â€Å"Ms. Independent.† The traditional male role has diminished as women fulfill bigger roles in society and exceed the expectations of their male counterparts in the household, workforce, and within social settings. We have abandoned old rules; no longer is it a â€Å"man’s world,† we now live in a shared world. Nowadays, there are no specific roles assigned to a male or a female†¦show more content†¦While the average earnings for women still lag behind those of men, the March â€Å"Women at Work† report by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), revealed that the gender wage gap continues to narrow. Women earned 81 cents for every dollar earned by men in 2010, up from 76 cents in 2000. Many attribute this to the higher college graduation rates of women. Women are gaining numbers in various fields of work and the perceptions of their fellow male colleagues are even changing. Captain Purnell Richardson, of the Baltimore City Police Department remembers a time when women were once viewed as inferior to men in the police field. â€Å"The women of the force were like the social workers. They took all the calls and did all the paper work at one point in time. They were even given a little bit of lead way in the Academy. The guys had to do 50 pushups and the women only had to do 30. But now a day’s some of these women have more heart than the men. They are quick to draw their weapon and they will have your back. We have some tough women in our force.† Crystal Kidd is a Lieutenant with the Baltimore Police Department, she says, â€Å"You have to make a name for yourself in the force. I like when I hear people say they don’t like me or I’m a bitch. To me that just means I am doing my job. I have a zero tolerance for nonsense and that is the only way you will get respect around here. SomeShow MoreRelatedEssay about Compare and Contrast Two Theories of Gender Role Development1379 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast two theories of gender role development A dominant debate in current psychological research is one on gender development. Psychologists try to understand relative importance of social and cognitive factors. Various theories are brought up in this field and in this essay two of the most standard theory in this field are going to be explained. The theories covered in this essay relate to aspects of children’s thinking that are central to their gender development. This will includeRead MoreCompare and Contrast How Gender Roles Are Presented in the Importance of Being Earnest and a Doll’s House in Light of Ibsen’s Statement That â€Å"There Are Two Kinds of Moral Laws, Two Kinds of Conscience, One for Men and1252 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast how gender roles are presented in The Importance of Being Earnest and a Doll’s House in light of Ibsen’s statement that â€Å"there are two kinds of moral laws, two kinds of conscience, one for men and one quite different, for women.† According to Ibsen’s statement, he states that moral laws are divided into two, one for women and the other for men. He’s claiming that the â€Å"moral laws† that society has implanted has double standards. 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Succubus Shadows Chapter 2 Free Essays

string(81) " struck a deal that allowed Roman to live peacefully in Seattle – for now\." I tossed and turned the rest of the night. Being visited by a weird supernatural force will do that to you. Besides, I had never fully recovered from the time an ber-powerful entity of chaos had merged with me in my sleep and sucked away my energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Shadows Chapter 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her name was Nyx, and last I’d heard, she was imprisoned. Still, what she’d done to me – and what she’d shown me – had left a lasting impression. The fact that Roman couldn’t identify what had happened tonight was a little unnerving. So, I woke up bleary-eyed, sporting a massive headache that was probably equal parts hangover and sleep deprivation. Succubi had the rapid healing that all immortals possessed, which meant I must have seriously screwed myself up to have these lingering effects. I knew the headache would pass soon, but I took some ibuprofen to help the process. The condo was quiet when I shuffled into the kitchen, and despite my efforts to clean up the food last night, I was still surrounded in the tattered and worn-out feel that followed most parties. Godiva, curled up on the back of the couch, lifted her head at my arrival, but Aubrey continued sleeping undisturbed in her spot on an armchair. I started some coffee and then wandered over to my patio, staring out at the sunny day and the Seattle skyline on the other side of the gray-blue water stretching off before me. A familiar sensation suddenly swept me, like brimstone and red-hot needles. I sighed. â€Å"Kind of early for you, isn’t it?† I asked, not needing to turn around to know Jerome, archdemon of the greater Seattle area and my hellish boss, stood behind me. â€Å"It’s noon, Georgie,† he replied dryly. â€Å"The rest of the world is up and around.† â€Å"It’s Saturday. The laws of time and space are different today. Noon qualifies as early.† I turned around at last, largely because I’d heard the coffee-maker finish. Jerome was leaning against my kitchen wall, immaculately dressed as always in a black designer suit. Also, like always, the demon looked exactly like a circa 1990s version of John Cusack. He could appear as anything or anyone he wanted in this world, but for reasons he kept vague, Mr. Cusack was his preferred shape. I’d gotten so used to it that whenever Say Anything or Grosse Pointe Blank came on TV, I always had to pause and ask myself, â€Å"What’s Jerome doing in this movie?† I poured a cup of coffee and held up the pot by way of invitation. Jerome shook his head. â€Å"I suppose,† he said, â€Å"your roommate is also being a sloth and isn’t actually out running errands?† â€Å"That’d be my guess.† I doused my coffee liberally with vanilla creamer. â€Å"I used to kind of hope that when he wasn’t around, it meant he was out looking for a job. Turns out I was just setting myself up for disappointment.† Honestly, I was glad it was Roman that Jerome had come to see. When Jerome was looking for me, no good ever came of it. It always tended to result in some traumatic, world-threatening event in the immortal underground. I trudged back across the living room, noting that the cats had disappeared upon Jerome’s arrival. Coffee still in hand, I headed to Roman’s room, knocking once before opening the door. I figured as landlady, I had that right. Also, I’d found Roman had a remarkable ability to ignore knocking for large amounts of time. He was sprawled across his bed, wearing only a pair of navy blue boxers that gave me pause. As I’d noted before, he was terribly good-looking, despite the prickly attitude he’d had since moving in. Seeing him half-dressed always gave me a weird flashback to the one time we’d slept together. Then, I’d have to remind myself that he was probably plotting how to kill me. It went a long way to stifle any residual lust. Roman’s arm covered his eyes against the sunlight streaming through his window. He shifted, moving the arm slightly, and peered at me with one eye. â€Å"It’s early,† he said. â€Å"Not according to your exalted sire.† A few seconds passed, and then he grimaced as he too sensed Jerome’s immortal signature. With a sigh, Roman sat up, pausing to rub his eyes. He looked about as exhausted as I felt, but if there was one force in this world that could drag him out of bed after a late night, it was my boss – no matter Roman’s bold claims from last night. He staggered to his feet and moved past me in the doorway. â€Å"Aren’t you going to get dressed?† I exclaimed. Roman’s only answer was a disinterested wave of his hand as he headed down the hall. I followed him back and discovered Jerome pouring himself a mug of some vodka leftover from last night. Well, it was five o’clock somewhere. He arched an eyebrow when he saw Roman’s scantily clad state. â€Å"Nice of you to dress up.† Roman made a beeline for the coffee. â€Å"Only the best for you, Pop. Besides, Georgina likes it.† A moment of heavy silence followed as Jerome’s dark eyes studied Roman. I knew nothing about Roman’s mother, but Jerome was the demon who had fathered him thousands of years ago. Technically, Jerome had been an angel at the time, but making the moves on a human had got him fired from Heaven and sent off to work for those down below. No severance package. Roman occasionally made snide comments about their familial relationship, but Jerome never acknowledged it. In fact, according to both Heaven and Hell’s rules, Jerome should have blasted Roman from the earth ages ago. Angels and demons considered nephilim unnatural and wrong and continually attempted to hunt them to extinction. It was kind of harsh, even with the sociopathic tendencies nephilim tended to have. Roman had been instrumental in saving Jerome recently, however, and the two had struck a deal that allowed Roman to live peacefully in Seattle – for now. You read "Succubus Shadows Chapter 2" in category "Essay examples" If any of Jerome’s colleagues found out about this illicit arrangement, there would literally be hell to pay – for all of us. A good succubus would have told on her rule-breaking boss. â€Å"So what brings you here?† asked Roman, pulling up a chair. â€Å"Want to toss the old football around?† Jerome’s face remained impassive. â€Å"I have a job for you.† â€Å"Like one that pays the rent?† I asked hopefully. â€Å"Like one that ensures I’ll continue to allow him to live in the lifestyle he’s accustomed to,† replied Jerome. Roman had an amused, devil-may-care smile on his face that was typical of him, but I wasn’t fooled. He knew the threat Jerome represented and also knew that part of their deal involved Roman doing errands for his father. Still, Roman made a good show of acting like he was the one doing Jerome a favor. The nephilim gave an unconcerned shrug. â€Å"Sure. I’ve got nothing else going on today. What’s up?† â€Å"We have a new immortal visitor in town,† said Jerome. If Roman’s attitude annoyed him, the demon was just as good at masking his feelings. â€Å"A succubus.† My removed, psychological study of father and son dynamics came to a screeching halt. â€Å"What?† I exclaimed, straightening up so quickly that I nearly spilled my coffee. â€Å"I thought we were set after Tawny.† I’d worked the succubus scene solo around here for years until Jerome had acquired another one several months ago. Her name was Tawny, and while she was annoying and pretty inept as succubi went, there was still something rather endearing about her. Fortunately, Jerome had sent her off to Bellingham, keeping her a comfortable hour-and-a-half drive from me. â€Å"Not that it’s any of your business, Georgie, but this one’s not here to work. She’s here†¦as a visitor. On vacation.† Jerome’s lips twisted with bitter amusement. Roman and I exchanged looks. Immortals could certainly take personal vacations, but clearly, there was more to this. â€Å"And?† asked Roman. â€Å"She’s really here because†¦?† â€Å"Because I’m sure my superiors want to check up on me after the recent†¦incident.† His words were delicate, with a very subtle warning not to elaborate on said incident. It was the one Roman and I had rescued him from – a summoning that had imprisoned Jerome as part of a demonic power play. Letting yourself get summoned was embarrassing for a demon and could call his territorial control into question. Hell sending someone to survey the situation wasn’t that crazy. â€Å"You think she’s spying to see if you can still run things?† asked Roman. â€Å"I’m certain of it. I want you to follow her around and see who she reports back to. I’d do it myself, but it’s better if I don’t appear suspicious. So I need to stay visible.† â€Å"Lovely,† said Roman, voice as dry as his father’s. â€Å"There’s nothing I want to do more than trail a succubus around.† â€Å"From what I hear, you’re pretty good at it,† I piped in. It was true. Roman had stalked me invisibly a number of times. Lesser immortals like me couldn’t hide the telltale signature that wreathed all of us, but Roman had inherited that ability from Jerome, making him the perfect spy. Roman shot me a wry look, then turned back to Jerome. â€Å"When do I start?† â€Å"Immediately. Her name is Simone, and she’s staying down at the Four Seasons. Go there and see what she does. Mei will relieve you off and on.† Mei was Jerome’s second-in-command demon. â€Å"The Four Seasons?† I asked. â€Å"Is Hell paying for that? I mean, we’re in a recession.† Jerome sighed. â€Å"Hell’s never in a recession. And I didn’t think your droll commentary started until after you’d finished your coffee.† I showed him my cup. It was empty. Jerome sighed again and then vanished without warning. He apparently had no doubts that Roman would follow his orders. Roman and I stood there for several quiet seconds, during which both cats resurfaced. Aubrey rubbed against Roman’s bare leg, and he scratched her head. â€Å"Guess I should shower and get dressed,† he said at last, rising to his feet. â€Å"Don’t trouble yourself,† I said. â€Å"And won’t you be invisible anyway?† He turned his back to me and walked off down the hallway. â€Å"I was thinking of dropping off some job applications when Mei gives me a break.† â€Å"Liar,† I said. I don’t think he heard. It wasn’t until the shower kicked on that I realized I should have asked Jerome about that weird sensation last night. It was so odd; I didn’t even know how to describe it. The more I pondered it, the more I wondered if it had been alcohol-induced. Admittedly, Roman claimed he’d sensed something, but he’d drank as much as me. And speaking of jobs†¦my kitchen clock was telling me I needed to head off to mine. One thing about this condo was that the skyline view had come at the cost of work convenience. My old apartment had been in Queen Anne, the same neighborhood that Emerald City Books and Caf? ¦ resided in. I used to be able to walk to work, but that was impossible from West Seattle, meaning I had to allow commuting time. Unlike Roman, I had no need to physically shower and change – not that I wouldn’t have liked to. I found human routines comforting. A brief burst of succubus shape-shifting cleaned me up, putting me in a work-appropriate peach sundress and arranging my light brown hair into a loose bun. Roman didn’t surface before I had to leave, so I grabbed another cup of coffee and left him a note asking if it would kill him to take out the garbage before he went off to play secret agent. My headache and the last effects of the hangover were gone by the time I walked into the store. It was abuzz with late afternoon shoppers, people out running Saturday errands and tourists who had wandered over from the Space Needle and Seattle Center down the street. I dropped my purse off in my office and then did a managerial sweep of the store, satisfied that everything was running smoothly – until I noticed we had a line of eight people and only one cashier. â€Å"Why are you alone?† I asked Beth. She was a long-time employee and a good one, answering my question without even looking up from her customer’s order. â€Å"Gabrielle’s on break, and Doug isn’t†¦feeling well.† Memories of the vodka competition came back to me. I grimaced, feeling both guilty and smug. â€Å"Where is he?† â€Å"Over in erotica.† I felt my eyebrows rise but said nothing as I turned away and walked across the store. Our small erotica section was bizarrely stuffed in between automotive and animals (amphibians, to be precise). And crammed in between the two shelves of the erotica section was Doug, sitting on the floor with his head resting facedown on his knees. I knelt beside him. â€Å"Hair of the dog time?† I asked. He lifted his head and brushed black hair out of his face. His expression was miserable. â€Å"You cheated. You’re like half my size. How are you not in a coma?† â€Å"Older and wiser,† I said. If only he knew just how old. I took hold of his arm and tugged it. â€Å"Come on. Let’s go to the caf? ¦ and get you some water.† For a moment, he looked like he’d resist, but a valiant effort soon followed. He even managed not to stagger too much as I led him to the store’s second floor, which was half books and half coffee shop. I grabbed a bottle of water, told the barista I’d pay for it later, and started to drag Doug to a chair. As I scanned around, I nearly came to a halt, causing poor Doug to stumble. Seth was sitting at a table, laptop spread open in front of him. This was his favorite place to write, which had been nice when we dated and now was†¦awkward. Maddie sat with him, purse in hand and light coat on. I recalled that we started at the same time today. She must have just arrived. They waved us over, and she gave her brother a chastising look. â€Å"Serves you right.† Doug took a long gulp of water. â€Å"Whatever happened to sisterly love?† â€Å"I still haven’t forgiven you for the time you shaved my dachshund.† â€Å"That was like twenty years ago. And that little bastard had it coming.† I smiled out of habit. Doug and Maddie’s bantering was usually must-see TV for me. Today, Seth held my attention. It had been easier to ignore him last night while in the throes of alcohol, easy to pretend I’d grudgingly accepted him moving on to Maddie. But now, in the cold light of sobriety, I felt that old ache stir within my chest. I swore I could smell the scent of his skin, his sweat mingled with the woodsy apple soap he used. Sunlight from the caf? ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s large windows infused his messy brown hair with copper, and I could perfectly recall what it had been like to stroke the lines of his face, the smooth skin of his upper cheek and stubble on his chin. Looking up to his eyes, I was surprised to see his attention on me as the siblings continued their playful bickering. I’d almost convinced myself last night that he only thought of me as a friend, but now†¦now I wasn’t so sure. There was something warm there, something considering. Something I knew shouldn’t be there. I suddenly had a sneaking suspicion that he might be remembering the handful of times we’d had sex. I was thinking of it too. My powers had been shut off when Jerome disappeared, and Seth and I had been able to have â€Å"safe† – by which I meant, no succubus side effects – sex. Except for one. He’d still been dating Maddie at the time, and cheating on her had tainted his soul with sin. That was worse than if I’d sucked his energy away. As of this moment, Seth was a Hell-bound soul. He didn’t realize that, but regret for betraying her was part of what had spurred him to a hasty engagement. He felt he owed her. The guilt forced me to look away from him, and I noticed then that Maddie and Doug had stopped their arguing. Maddie was glancing over at the coffee counter, but Doug’s eyes were on me. They were bloodshot and weary, with heavy dark circles. But in the midst of that miserable, hungover look†¦there was a glint of something puzzled and surprised. â€Å"Work time,† said Maddie cheerfully, standing up. She poked her brother’s shoulder, making him wince and turn his attention from me. I was glad. â€Å"You going to survive your last couple hours?† â€Å"Yeah,† he muttered, drinking more water. â€Å"Go count inventory in the back,† I told him, standing as well. â€Å"I don’t want customers thinking our staff can’t hold their liquor. They’d be over at the chain stores so fast, it wouldn’t even be funny.† Maddie’s lips quirked into a smile as her brother wearily rose to his feet. â€Å"Hey, Georgina. Do you mind if Doug and I switch shifts on Tuesday? I need to go run some wedding errands during business hours.† Doug cut her a look. â€Å"When were you going to ask if I minded?† â€Å"Sure,† I said, trying not to wince at the word â€Å"wedding.† â€Å"You can work the night shift with me.† â€Å"You want to come along?† she asked. â€Å"You said you would.† â€Å"I did?† â€Å"Last night.† I frowned. God only knew how many promises I’d made and had now forgotten, thanks to vodka and weird magical forces. Vaguely, I recalled her showing me wedding pictures. â€Å"I think I have some errands of my own to run.† â€Å"One of the places is right around the corner from you,† she urged. â€Å"Maddie,† said Seth hastily, clearly as uncomfortable with this change of topic as I was. â€Å"If she’s busy – â€Å" â€Å"You can’t be busy all day,† Maddie begged. â€Å"Please?† I knew it was disastrous, knew it would be courting heart-ache and trouble. But Maddie was my friend, and the pleading look in her eyes did something to my insides. It was guilt, I realized. Guilt over how Seth and I had betrayed her. Her expression now was full of such faith and hope in me – me, the best friend she had in Seattle and the only one she believed could help her plan this wedding. Which is why I found myself agreeing, just as I had last night. Only this time, I had no alcohol to blame. â€Å"Okay.† Guilt was probably the worst culprit of all when it came to stupid behavior. How to cite Succubus Shadows Chapter 2, Essay examples

Vineyard Essay Example

Vineyard Paper Calaveras Vineyards Calaveras Vineyard was originally established in 1883 to make wine for the Catholic Church. They occupied 220 acres in California out of which 175 acres was occupied by the vineyard. They had now expanded into production of table wines for retailers and restaurants. It had changed three ownerships in the last nine years. The most recent owner was Stout Plc. which was looking to sell Calaveras and the management of Calaveras was the interested party in this transaction. The main strategy from 1987 was broadening the company’s position on premium brand category and this is evident from the fact that they were now concentrating on wines in the premium and super-premium category. The five C? s analyses is an important approach to evaluate the creditworthiness of a potential client. The five metrics that will be analyzed are character, capacity, capital, conditions, and collateral. Character will translate the quality of the management team and major owners and how these major players behave related to business. Related to Lynna Martinez, she has a high level of education and is graduated from important universities in France and USA. She has done researchers in the field and has experiences as a professional in the industry, being Vice president of Calaveras Vineyard since 1987. The other partner – Peter Newsome, has a degree in Business Administration and has experience in the field in different areas of this industry, such as operating and purchasing. It is possible to say that this metric is maybe one the most important for the future of this business since both of them have strong experience in the field. We will write a custom essay sample on Vineyard specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vineyard specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vineyard specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Related to the capacity analysis, it is unclear, based on historical data, the ability of the company in handle a high debt level, since there no information about Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 debt from the balance sheet. However, the company has a significant position as current assets what provide quick liquidity for the business as well as a strong free cash flow in both considered scenarios to repay the loan, even though the free cash flow in 1994 is negative. The apital metrics will measure whether the company has enough capital, in this point also matter the commitment of the owners with the business. In the management leveraged buyout, the new owners will have $ 1 million invested and thus they would have invested 25% of the total demanded fund. It seems that the new owners are putting an great effort on this business since they are buying a company that they have experience in and they believe it can do better than what the previous owners were doing. The economic conditions for the wine business seems to be in a good moment, even though the alcoholic market has been stagnated, the wine market has grown by 7. 4%, new researches about the benefits of wine has driven the demand up and thus the market is being benefited. Based on the Pro Forma Historical Financial Statements, it seems that the management team is able to control the expenses and cost of goods sold as the sales increase and decrease. It is possible to see it using the decreasing trend of the COGS related to sales and the SGA related to sales that has been the same (14. 9%) for the last 4 years. The company has as collateral, the Accounts Receivables and fixed assets. In 1993 the company had $316,782 as receivables, $2,332,241 as inventories and $4,487,193 as gross fixed assets. In case of liquidation, the Receivables may be sold at 85% of the face value, or $292,264; Inventory can be sold at 75% of its face value or $1,749,180. The fixed cost can be sold by 40% of the book value that is $1,794,877. This liquidation would provide a total of $3,836,321 which is more than Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 8-Feb-2013 the total loan provided in 1994 ($3,122,000). It provides a good standard for the potential creditor of this company. Moody’s SGL framework can also be used to assess the creditworthiness of Calaveras Vineyards. The rating system gives a score ranging from SGL-1 to SGL-4, where one represents companies with very good liquidity and four represents companies with weak liquidity. There are several characteristics that are evaluated in rating a company using this framework. The first point is the capacity for financing capital expenditures and net working capital internally. Calaveras has an expected negative free cash flow in 1994 based on Anne Clemen’s projection (Exhibit 3), so it will not be able to fund internally. However, the company still has the flexibility of drawing money from its revolving credit line since the borrowing base has sufficient amount. Exhibit 3 also shows that the negative cash flow is due to a significant addition to net working capital. The addition is larger than average because the company is increasing its sales to the same level of 1992. The company is projected to have positive free cash flows starting in 1995 and will be able to finance internally. The EBIT/(interest and principal) ratio is moderate in 1994 but projected to increase throughout the years (Exhibit 3) and has an average of two. The second characteristic that needs to be analyzed is the flexibility of the company in generating cash from selling its assets in times of distress. Anne Clemen expected that Calaveras’ accounts receivable would able to generate 80% of book value and inventory for 85% of book value, while land, plant and equipment would only generate 40%. However, these assets are crucial to the operations of Calaveras and cannot be sold. Thus, the company has no flexibility in generating additional cash flow. Additionally, the assets mentioned before are used as collateral for both the term loan and the revolving credit. This relates to the final characteristic that is the extent Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 in which the company’s assets are encumbered. Calaveras is expected to secure its term loan through land, plant and equipment, and its revolver’s borrowing base is equal to 85% of receivables and 75% of inventories. In other words, most of Calaveras’ assets are encumbered and this limits the financial flexibility. After analyzing Calaveras’ through the SGL framework, we believed that the company should receive a score of SGL-3. The increase in the size of the wine market is an opportunity for Calaveras to increase their market share especially in the premium and super-premium category where the company has secure brand position and stable relationships with the distributors. It is heavily dependant on two dealers who account for 50% of their sales. It might bode well for them to increase their dealership base. Financial ratio analysis: To better understand Calaveras Vineyards’ financial ondition, we analyzed those financial ratios that Anne prepared. EBIT coverage ratio and current ratio in 1994 were already larger than 1 and was increasing from 1994 to 1998, indicating this company was profitable enough to pay off its interest expense and short-term obligation. Although current ratio was not so good compared with comparable companies, it was improving through years. The debt rat io was less than 1 and reduced quickly from 1994 to 1998, which was a good signal to investor and creditors that the risk of this company was decreasing. In addition, its decreasing assets/equity ratio indicated the quick increase of equity, which was the result of quick increase of net income. The return on sales and return on assets were much higher than the comparable companies and were increasing from 1994 to 1998, indicating this Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 company had good profitability in the industry. Its increasing sales/assets ratio showed an improvement of its ability to generate sales revenue from each dollar of asset, indicating this company operated more and more efficiently. Through analysis, we found these ratios looked good and some of them were even better than the industry level. The ratio analysis showed Calaveras Vineyards was a healthy company and had an optimistic future. New Scenario A new scenario was drawn in order to assess how the financial health of the company would be if the COGS and SGA were higher than the predicted by the company initially. In this situation, it is possible to see that the company is still able to operate under the conveants imposed by Goldengate Capital. Additional consideration and recommendation: We based our analysis on the ratio analysis done by Anne Clemen. The ratio analysis shows us favourable trend about financials about this company. The leverage ratio goes on reducing and the times interest earned as well as Profit margin show favourable forecasts. Based on our current analysis, we think Calaveras had good profitability and has enough ability to service the debt, and we agreed that Anne Clemens should participate in the loan. However, there are still some factors that can influence our evaluation of Calaveras. For example, if the price of its wine decreased quickly because of intensive competition or there was a big drop in the production of grape due to some catastrophe, the sales revenue will decreased dramatically, which would result in a shrunken free cash flow and influence its ability to pay back the loan. In Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 addition, if the cost of goods sold increased quickly because of a sudden increase of material price or the SGA soared up for expanding marketing and advertising to compete with competitors, the free cash flow would also decreased dramatically. So we suggested Anne to keep monitoring these unstable factors carefully to see whether Calaveras would have a credit risk. Additionally, to decrease the default risk, Anne could also make covenants with Calaveras to regulate its financial ratios and make part of its assets as collaterals. Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 2 Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 7 New Forecasted Income Statement 1994 1% Sales Revenue Cost of Goods Sold Estates Selected Chardonnay California Generic Special Accts. Winery TOTAL Gross Profit Selling, General and Admin. Amortization of Organizational Costs EBIT Interest Expense (avg. balance) Profit Before Taxes Tax Expense Net Income Dividends to Common Shareholders Retentions to Equity $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 448,180 272,027 432,977 179,934 224,371 655,916 90,130 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 594,307 325,923 535,400 121,580 233,639 683,012 93,853 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 678,342 383,808 645,546 126,603 243,291 711,228 97,730 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 706,365 399,663 733,324 131,833 253,341 740,608 101,767 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 31,406 416,173 763,618 137,279 263,807 771,203 105,971 2,081,995 (966,861) (60) 1,115,074 (134,514) 980,559 362,807 617,752 617,752 $ 3,707,423 1995 1% $ 4,199,960 1996 1% $ 4,693,764 1997 1% $ 4,984,664 $ 1998 1% 5,371,451 $ (2,303,533) $ (2,587,715) $ (2,886,547) $ (3,066,901) $ (3,289,456) $ 1,403,889 $ 1,612,246 $ 1,807,216 $ 1,917,763 $ (667,336) $ (755,993) $ (844,877) $ (897,239) $ $ $ (60) $ 736,493 $ (60) $ 856,193 $ (60) $ 962,279 (60) $ $ $ 1,020,463 (109,625) $ (2 14,987) $ (198,101) $ (170,752) $ $ $ $ $ $ 626,869 231,941 394,927 394,927 $ $ $ $ $ 641,206 237,246 403,960 403,960 $ $ $ $ $ 764,178 282,746 481,432 481,432 $ $ $ $ $ 849,711 314,393 535,318 535,318 $ $ $ $ $ Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 8 Forecasted Balance Sheets (At Closing) Cash Accounts Receivable Inventory Organization Costs-Current Total Current Assets Land Plant and Equipment Gross PPE Accum. Depreciation Net PPE Organization Costs-Noncurrent Total Assets Payables Accruals Debt-Current Portion LTD Revolving Line of Credit Total Current Liabs. Debt, non-current Total Liabilities Common Stock Retained Earnings Total Equity Total Liabilities Equity Memorandum: Borrowing base (85% AR, 75%Inv) Revolver $ $ $ $ 2,255,917 2,304,288 $ $ 2,521,907 2,218,955 $ $ 2,699,146 1,949,595 $ $ 2,890,789 1,643,991 $ $ 3,025,581 1,187,490 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,124 60 1,184 1,124 582 1,706 1,706 240 3,130 130 400 530 1,600 2,130 1,000 1,000 3,130 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1994 50 370,742 2,587,715 60 2,958,567 1,124 832 1,956 116 1,840 180 2,960,587 258,771 400 2,304,288 2,563,459 1,200 2,564,659 1,000 394,927 395,927 2,960,587 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1995 50 419,996 2,886,547 60 3,306,654 1,124 1,082 2,206 283 1,923 120 3,308,697 288,655 400 2,218,955 2,508,010 800 2,508,810 1,000 798,887 799,887 3,308,697 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1996 50 469,376 3,066,901 60 3,536,387 1,124 1,332 2,456 499 1,957 60 3,538,404 306,690 400 1,949,595 2,256,685 400 2,257,085 1,000 1,280,319 1,281,319 3,538,404 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1997 50 498,466 3,289,456 60 3,788,033 1,124 1,582 2,706 766 1,940 3,789,973 328,946 400 1,643,991 1,973,337 1,973,337 1,000 1,815,637 1,816,637 3,789,973 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1998 50 537,145 3,425,344 3,962,539 1,124 1,832 2,956 1,082 1,874 3,964,413 342,534 1,187,490 1,530,024 1,530,024 1,000 2,433,389 2,434,389 3,964,413 Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 9 Forecast Assumptions Key Assumptions: Case Sales $/Case Gross Margins Estates Select-other Chardonnay California Generic Special Accts Winery Dividend Payout: Now-1996 1997After 0 0 0. 47 0. 35 0. 37 0. 35 0. 26 0. 35 0. 46 Exhibit 11 Exhibit 11 Cash Minimum (m) AR/Sales INV(T)/COGS(T+1) CL(T)/COGS(T+1) SGA/Sales Depreciation Capital Expenditures Interest Rate Tax Rate Inflation Rate Real Price Growth 50 0. 1 1 0. 1 0. 18 5-yr, S-L 250 0. 095 0. 37 0. 031 0. 01 Amortiz. Organization Costs: 5 years. Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 10 Solvency ratio EBIT/ (Interest and Principal) Current ratio Debt ratio Assets/Equity Efficiency ratio Sales/Assets Profitability ratio Return on sales Return on assets Return on equity 1994 1. 32 1. 24 0. 67 3. 6 0. 75 11% 8% 28% Anne Clemens Ratio Analysis 1995 1996 1997 1. 53 1. 8 2. 05 1. 24 1. 33 1. 48 0. 59 0. 5 0. 39 2. 82 2. 22 1. 8 0. 79 12% 9% 26% 0. 85 13% 11% 24% 0. 88 14% 12% 21% 1998 2. 48 2. 16 0. 25 1. 45 0. 94 15% 14% 20% Comparables ratio Upper Quartile Median Lower Quartile 5. 5 0. 97 2. 5 0. 99 1. 5 0. 995 1. 04 7. 30% 8. 10% 16. 60% 0. 73 2. 80% 2. 30% 7. 70% 0. 35 -0. 20% -0. 10% 1. 10% Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Exhibit 11 Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Cash Flow Items Initial Inputs Net Results Initial Inputs Net Results Operating Inflows (Net Sales) Operating Outflows COGS Depreciation SGA Exp Taxes Other Total Operating Outflows Total Net Operating Cash Flow (NOF) Changes in Working Capital Receivables (AR) Inventory (INV) Other Current Assets (OCA) Accounts Payable (AP) Other Current Liabilities (OCL) Total Changes in Net Working Capital (NWC) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow after Working Capital Investment Capital Investment Change in Net Fixed Assets Depreciation Net Investment Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Surplus or Deficit (FCFF) Interest Income (II) Fixed Coverage Expenditures (Interest) (FCE) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Avaiable for Dividends Dividends (DIV) $ 2,836,062. 00 $ 1,899,853. 00 $ 528,456. 00 $ $ $ 2,428,309. 00 $ 407,753. 00 $ 43,356. 00 $ 654,835. 00 $ (7,012. 00) $ (121,880. 00) $ $ 569,299. 00 $ 977,052. 00 $ 4,193,000. 00 $ 2,294,000. 00 $ 587,000. 00 $ 287,000. 00 $ $ 3,168,000. 00 $ 1,025,000. 00 $ (49,000. 00) $ (281,000. 00) $ $ 28,000. 00 $ $ (302,000. 00) $ 723,000. 00 $ 268,332. 00 $ (394,512. 00) $ (126,180. 00) $ 850,872. 00 $ $ $ (83,000. 00) $ (167,000. 00) $ (250,000. 00) $ 473,000. 00 $ $ (308,000. 00) $ 165,000. 00 $ $ 850,872. 00 $ Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Cash Flow Statements – Contd. Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Avaiable for Dividends Dividends (DIV) Managements Discretionary Cash Flow Surplus Financial Cash Flow Change in Long-Term Debt Change in Short-Term Borrowing Change in Preffered Stock Change in Common Stock Change in Other Total Change in Net Finncial Cash Flow (NFF) Goodwill/Other Assets Other Liabilities Change in Goodwill Other Asset Change in Other Liabilities Change in GwillOAssets Other Liabilities Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow (Sum of 13 Cash Flow Components) Change in Cash (Cash) Surplus or Deficit after all Cash Flows $ $ 45,006. 00 13,241. 00 $ 850,872. 00 $ $ 850,872. 00 $ $ $ $ (729,402. 00) $ $ (729,402. 00) $ (400,000. 00) $ 236,000. 00 $ $ $ $ (164,000. 00) $ 165,000. 00 $ $ 165,000. 00 $ (153,235. 00) $ $ (153,235. 00) $ (31,765. 00) $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,000. 00 1,000. 00 Calaveras Vineyards – CASH FLOW STATEMENT 1000 Dec-96 Cash Flow Items Initial Inputs Net Results Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Initial I nputs Dec-97 Net Results Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Operating Inflows (Net Sales) Operating Outflows COGS Depreciation SGA Exp Taxes Other Total Operating Outflows Total Net Operating Cash Flow (NOF) Changes in Working Capital Receivables (AR) Inventory (INV) Other Current Assets (OCA) Accounts Payable (AP) Other Current Liabilities (OCL) Total Changes in Net Working Capital (NWC) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow after Working Capital Investment Capital Investment Change in Net Fixed Assets Depreciation Net Investment Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Surplus or Deficit (FCFF) Interest Income (II) Fixed Coverage Expenditures (Interest) (FCE) $ 4,681,000. 00 $ $ 2,526,000. 00 $ 655,000. 00 $ 349,000. 00 $ $ 3,530,000. 00 $ 1,151,000. 00 $ (49,000. 00) $ (169,000. 00) $ $ 17,000. 00 $ $ (201,000. 00) $ 950,000. 00 $ 4,967,000. 00 $ $ 2,644,000. 00 $ 695,000. 00 $ 394,000. 00 $ $ 3,733,000. 00 $ 1,234,000. 00 $ (29,000. 00) $ (208,000. 00) $ $ 21,000. 00 $ $ (216,000. 00) $ 1,018,000. 00 $ (34,000. 00) $ (216,000. 00) $ (250,000. 00) $ 700,000. 0 0 $ $ $ (280,000. 00) $ 17,000. 00 $ (267,000. 00) $ (250,000. 00) $ 768,000. 00 $ $ $ (235,000. 00) Calaveras Vineyards – Cash Flow Statements – Contd. Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Avaiable for Dividends Dividends (DIV) Managements Discretionary Cash Flow Surplus Financial Cash Flow Change in Long-Term Debt Change in Short-Term Borrowing Change in Preffered Stock Change in Common Stock Change in Other Total Change in Net Finncial Cash Flow (NFF) Goodwill/Other Assets Other Liabilities Change in Goodwill Other Asset Change in Other Liabilities Change in Gwill Other Liabilities Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow (Sum of 13 Cash Flow Components) Change in Cash (Cash) Surplus or Deficit after all Cash Flows $ $ $ 420,000. 00 $ $ 420,000. 00 $ (400,000. 00) $ (20,000. 00) $ $ $ $ (420,000. 00) $ (400,000. 00) $ (132,000. 00) $ $ $ $ (532,000. 00) $ 533,000. 00 $ $ 533,000. 00 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,000. 00 1,000. 00 Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 CASH FLOW STATEMENT Dec-98 Cash Flow Items Initial Inputs Net Results Cash Flow Components Cumulative Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Operating Inflows (Net Sales) Operating Outflows COGS Depreciation SGA Exp Taxes Other Total Operating Outflows Total Net Operating Cash Flow (NOF) Changes in Working Capital Receivables (AR) Inventory (INV) Other Current Assets (OCA) Accounts Payable (AP) Other Current Liabilities (OCL) Total Changes in Net Working Capital (NWC) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow after Working Capital Investment Capital Investment Change in Net Fixed Assets Depreciation Net Investment Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Surplus or Deficit (FCFF) Interest Income (II) $ 5,348,000. 00 $ 2,803,000. 00 $ 749,000. 00 $ 461,000. 00 $ $ 4,013,000. 00 $ 1,335,000. 00 $ (38,000. 00) $ (126,000. 00) $ $ 12,000. 00 $ (400,000. 00) $ (552,000. 00) $ 783,000. 00 $ 66,000. 00 $ (316,000. 00) $ (250,000. 00) $ 533,000. 00 $ Calaveras Vineyards – Team No. 1 18-Feb-2013 Net Investment Flow Free Cash Flow to Firm Surplus or Deficit (FCFF) Interest Income (II) Fixed Coverage Expenditures (Interest) (FCE) Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow Avaiable for Dividends Dividends (DIV) Managements Discretionary Cash Flow Surplus Financial Cash Flow Change in Long-Term Debt Change in Short-Term Borrowing Change in Preffered Stock Change in Common Stock Change in Other Total Change in Net Finncial Cash Flow (NFF) Goodwill/Other Assets Other Liabilities Change in Goodwill Other Asset Change in Other Liabilities Change in GwillOAssets Other Liabilities Surplus or Deficit Cash Flow (Sum of 13 Cash Flow Components) Change in Cash (Cash) Surplus or Deficit after all Cash Flows $ $ $ $ (250,000. 00) $ 533,000. 00 $ (173,000. 00) $ 360,000. 00 $ $ 360,000. 00 $ $ (360,000. 00) $ $ $ $ (360,000. 00) $ $ $ $

How to Hire a Research Paper Writer

How to Hire a Research Paper Writer How to Hire a Research Paper Writer It may be something that you dread, but during the course of your education, you will be required to write research papers. This is a big part of much of the grade in certain majors, so if you want to get the best grades possible, you will need to turn in excellent research papers. However, this may be a challenge sometimes because of all the work you have to do, along with your busy life and schedule. There may be times when you are not able to get all of your work done by yourself. This is when you should hire a research paper writer to write your paper for you. However, you need to know exactly how to do this. Where to Find Research Paper Writers You may wonder how you can get help with your research paper, but all you need to do is look online. There are plenty of experienced, professional freelance research paper writers available on one of the many academic paper writing sites online. Just do a relevant search for keywords that pertain to what you want, such as ‘research paper writers’ or ‘online academic paper writers.’ Just be sure to ask questions before you use any service, so that you will have an idea of their process. Hiring a Research Paper Writer As stated above, the most important thing to remember when hiring a professional  research paper writer online is choosing a writing site that will give you the best paper for your money. Check out the site’s FAQ and Policies sections. There you should find all of the relevant information that you need. Do not use a writing company online that does not let you know all of the information you need to know up front. Also, it is best to ask for a sample of work from the company, so that you can see the quality and style of the work produced. It is also a good idea to make sure they have a free revision policy, as well as a money-back guarantee, just in case you are dissatisfied with the paper you receive. If your research paper is lengthy, it is a good idea to have the writers do it in segments. This way you can pay as you go, until the paper is completely finished. If, during this time, you are dissatisfied with a segment, you can have another company do the remainder of the paper. After you have gathered information from the company and are satisfied with the answers to your questions and the sample you received, make your choice. Then, when you decide on a company, submit your order, and wait for delivery. It’s that simple.

How to Ask Questions in Spanish

How to Ask Questions in Spanish English and Spanish questions have two key characteristics in common: They often begin with a word to indicate that what follows is a question, and they usually use a word order that is different than that used in direct statements. But the first thing you may notice about written Spanish questions is a punctuation difference- they always begin with an inverted question mark ( ¿). With the exception of Galician, a minority language of Spain and Portugal, Spanish is unique in using that symbol. Using Interrogative Pronouns The question-indicating words, known as interrogatives, all have their equivalents in English: quà ©: whatpor quà ©: whycundo: whendà ³nde: wherecà ³mo: howcul: whichquià ©n: whocunto, cunta: how muchcuntos, cuntas: how many (Although the English equivalents are the most common ones used to translate these words, other translations are sometimes possible.) Several of these interrogatives can be preceded by prepositions: a quià ©n (to whom), de quià ©n (of whom), de dà ³nde (from where), de quà © (of what), etc. Note that all these words have accents; generally, when the same words are used in statements, they do not have accents. There is no difference in pronunciation. Word Order in Questions Generally, a verb follows the interrogative. Provided ones vocabulary is sufficient, most simple questions using interrogatives can readily be understood by English speakers:  ¿Quà © es eso? (What is that?) ¿Por quà © fue a la ciudad? (Why did he go to the city?) ¿Quà © es la capital del Perà º? (What is the capital of Peru?) ¿Dà ³nde est mi coche? (Where is my car?) ¿Cà ³mo est usted? (How are you?) ¿Cundo sale el tren? (When does the train leave?) ¿Cuntos segundos hay en una hora? (How many seconds are there in an hour?) When the verb needs a subject other than the interrogative, the subject  follows the verb:  ¿Por quà © fue à ©l a la ciudad? (Why did he go to the city?)  ¿Cuntos dà ³lares tiene el muchacho? (How many dollars does the boy have?) As in English, questions can be formed in Spanish without the interrogatives, although Spanish is more flexible in its word order. In Spanish, the general form is for the noun to follow the verb. The noun can either appear immediately after the verb or appear later in the sentence. In the following examples, either Spanish question is a grammatically valid way of expressing the English:  ¿Va Pedro al mercado?  ¿Va al mercado Pedro? (Is Pedro going to the market?) ¿Tiene que ir Roberto al banco?  ¿Tiene que ir al banco Roberto? (Does Roberto have to go to the bank?) ¿Sale Marà ­a maà ±ana?  ¿Sale maà ±ana Marà ­a? (Is Marà ­a leaving tomorrow?) As you can see, Spanish doesnt require auxiliary verbs the way that English does to form questions. The same verb forms as are used in questions are used in statements. Also, as in English, a statement can be made into a question simply by a change in intonation (the voice tone) or, in writing, by adding question marks, although it isnt particularly common. Él es doctor. (Hes a doctor.) ¿Ãƒâ€°l es doctor? (Hes a doctor?) Punctuating Questions Finally, note that when only part of a sentence is a question, in Spanish the question marks are placed around only the portion thats a question: Estoy feliz,  ¿y tà º? (Im happy, are you?)Si salgo,  ¿salen ellos tambià ©n? (If I leave, are they leaving too?)

Fallacious Arguments and Psychological Tactics Essay

Fallacious Arguments and Psychological Tactics - Essay Example A quote used in the article is â€Å"The UK is now ahead of many of its international rivals when it comes to cutting employment and creating jobs† (Gye, 2013). However, obviously being ahead of one’s rivals in the international scene is not necessarily just due to lowered unemployment rates. Another hyperbole is the statement â€Å"This is unlike anything seen in this country since the Second World War† (Gye, 2013). However, it is impossible that there has not been any other good thing that happened in Britain from 1945 to 2014. The author also tries to euphemize the unemployment of the youth: â€Å"Youth unemployment has risen yet again, back towards the million mark [so Britain’s response is] an industrial back-to-work program to match the crisis we face† (Gye, 2013). Therefore, it seems so convenient to think that just because there is a proposed solution, then the problem is already solved. One of the psychological tactics employed by the author is mentioning that more and more young people are actually becoming unemployed. However, aside from the fact that the author makes a headcount of around 1,000,000 for the unemployed youth, his data on the 29.73 million who have jobs include those aged 16 to 64 (Gye, 2013). Thus, it is not clear where the 1,000,000 figure is coming from, as it couldn’t be that the same youth from the age of 16 and above who are among the 29.73 million employed are the same people who are among the 1,000,000 unemployed. Thus, there is not only something missing here but something amiss. Lastly, there is the fallacy of non sequitur for it does not follow that â€Å"the UK is now ahead of many of its international rivals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  merely because the illustrations indicate that â€Å"even though wages have been rising, in recent years prices have been rising at a faster rate† (Gye, 2013). Thus, there is actually nothing good about being employed if the salary is merely good enough to make

Using a Star Database Schema Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Using a Star Database Schema - Research Paper Example se of a dimensional model is to help decision makers in making strategic decisions without the need of help and support from database experts thereby avoiding extra cost. As a result timely and quality decisions are made. Research by Karen, David and Robert (2006), indicate that denormalization is advocated for in data warehouses as it promotes efficiency of the highest order when queries are run against the warehouse (Karen, David, & Robert, 2006). The concept of dimensional model was developed to cater denormalized data. A star schema model can arguably be referred to as a constrained ERD model. It consists of central entities known as the fact tables that get business event details. Star schema derives its name from the arrangement of the fact tables and dimensional entities forming a star-like arrangement. The representation of this arrangement diagrammatically constitutes the SSD. As a result of this arrangement around a business fact, SSD model is easy to understand. Star schema data model consists of one or more fact tables referencing any given number of dimension tables. There are several benefits of using star schema. First is convenient for simple queries. The star schema simplifies business logic in the realms of reporting. It also provides high level operation performance as a result of simpler queries execution. Lastly star schemas are deployed in most of OLAP systems to make proprietary OLAP cubes efficiently. According to Fig.1, most of the columns if not all in both the dimensions and fact tables are of null value. This means that the primary key is unique and mandatory. Data in the data warehouse comes from various multiple operational databases and therefore in some instances constraints applied in transactional databases need to be loosened. For instance in the star schema diagram in Fig.1, almost all the columns are of null value due to the fact they might lack data. Relationships on the parent sides are not mandatory meaning that there

Langston Hughes, Prolific Writer Of Black Pride During The Harlem Renai

During a time where racism was at its height in America, Jim Crow laws separated blacks from mainstream white society. Where the notion of â€Å"separate but equal† was widely accepted in America, blacks were faced with adversity that they had to overcome in a race intolerant society. They were forced to face a system that compromised their freedom and rights. Blacks knew that equal was never equal and separate was definitely separate (George 8-9). Blacks had to fight for their rights because it wasn’t handed to them. Racism manifested itself on many levels and had to be fought on many levels. This gave rise to influential black leaders in the fight for civil rights. Langston Hughes was one of those black leaders who arose during the Harlem Renaissance. He gave his people a voice and encouraged pride and hope through his literary work, to overcome racial discrimination. Langston Hughes lived during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the early 1920s and 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. It also came to be known as the New Negro movement, marked the first time that mainstream publishers and critics took African American literature seriously and that African American literature and arts attracted significant attention from the nation at large. Although it was primarily a literary movement, it was closely related to developments in African American music, theater, art, and politics. This was also the time of the â€Å"Great Migration†, where more blacks were migrating from the rural South to the urban North, to seek better jobs and lives for their families (George 62). This new identity blacks to gain a new social consciousness and opportunity that was not available ... ...a fifty seven story famous historic landmark building in New York. â€Å"I’ve been a singer: All the way from Africa to Georgia I carried my sorrow songs.† There have been many famous black singers who have made a name for themselves. Singing songs of the blues, gospel etc. telling their stories through melodies and soul. â€Å"I’ve been a victim: The Belgians cut off my hands in the Congo. They lynch me still in Mississippi.† Here Hughes shows that blacks have been objects of violent hate. But at the end of the poem Hughes repeats â€Å"I am a Negro: Black as the night is black, black like the depths of my Africa.† This shows that although blacks have been treated in ways in which no human should be treated. We still kept moving forward never giving up hope and faith, that a change would come. We have accomplished many things in our past and we can use this to motivate our future.

Articles of Confederation : an Ineffective Government

Articles of Confederation : An Ineffective Government Whoever said that the Articles of Confederation provided the United States with an effective government was completely incorrect. The United States were not united under this government. The United States could not stand up for itself against other countries. Also, the United States were not stable economically under the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation did not provide a good government for America. Under the Articles of Confederation, the United States were not united at all.The Articles of Confederation created a central government that was not strong at all. The government established a tax quota for each of the states and asked them please to contribute their share on a voluntary basis. They were lucky if the states paid one-fourth of the requested amount. America had just gotten away from England and all of its taxes, so there was no reason to let their own government do the same. In John Jay’s letter to George Washington in 1786, he says that he is more worried about impending crisis caused by the Articles of Confederation than he was about the Revolutionary War.He was thinking that some people were not in agreement with the government and wanted it to be completely gone. He was worried for a good reason because three years earlier there was an attempt by a group of farmers from Pennsylvania to run the government out of Philadelphia. Also, the states acted like their own countries and only looked out for themselves. Rhode Island is a good example of this because they rejected a request by Congress to put a tax on imported goods. They ignored the fact that America was in a massive amount of debt to the Spanish, French and Dutch.They chose to better themselves rather than to better the country. They said that the tax would be hard on their state and would go against the constitution of their state. Rhode Island denied a tax that was suggested by the country’s central government because it conflicted with their own government. Also, based on the map of WESTERN LANDS CEDED BY THE STATES, the states were claiming territories as their own and not as a whole nation. Virginia claimed more than two-thirds of the Northwest Territory from the other states. There were also disputes over boundaries and taxes put on goods from state to state.New York taxed firewood from Connecticut and cabbage from New Jersey at one time. Also, there were a few rebellions. A noticeable one was Shay’s Rebellion, which had debt-ridden farmers tried to free themselves from the demands of the government. All these different conflicts and incidents point to the nation being not united due to the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. While under the Articles of Confederation, the United States could not stand up for itself. The Articles of Confederation stopped the country from successfully raising an army.To do so, the government had to ask the state to meet their t roop quotas, which usually did not happen. The government had no power to enforce this. The weak central government also did not have the power to back its foreign policies with military strength. John Jay had experienced other nations not taking the United States seriously. When Jay negotiated with the Spanish Minister de Gardoqui, he attempted to regain use of the Mississippi, which had been closed to American Commerce in 1784. Jay said that the Spanish should be careful because the American population was growing rapidly and de Gardoqui denied him.The minister of Spain said that the Americans should relinquish their right to navigate the Mississippi. Despite Jay’s warning, the Spanish Minister refused to take the United States seriously. Since the Articles of Confederation would not allow the government to raise an army effectively, Spain had no reason to take the United States seriously. The country had no way of standing up for itself. England felt that America stabbed t hem in the back and for that, did not send a minister to the capital for eight years.England poked fun at how little unity the states had by saying that if they sent one minister, they might as well send thirteen. John Jay gave specific instructions to the United States Minister to England. He wanted the minister to be very respectful and make the United States look better. Since the United States could not actually stand up for itself under the Articles of Confederation, Jay wanted it to look like they did. Also, Spain gave the United States trouble. Spain took Florida which had been given to the United States by England in 1783.No country took the United States seriously and would continue to walk all over them until the United States could stand up for itself. The United States were not economically stable while under the Articles of Confederation. One main reason for economic struggle was that there were so many types of currency being used that trade with other states was near impossible. There were fourteen total types of currency, one from each state and the rarely used Continental. The Articles of Confederation did not allow the government to control commerce.This left states free to make different, often contradicting, laws of navigation and trading. With all of this conflict, making money was very difficult because one state always had to pay another for some navigation law to do any trading at all. The Articles of Confederation also left the government unable to levy taxes. The government could ask the states nicely, but couldn’t actually enforce the payment. Another economic struggle was caused by European countries such as England and Spain. England declined to make a commercial treaty and also would not remove its old navigation laws.England was just trying to be a â€Å"thorn in the side† of the United States. If the United States were under a better government, they could make up for the monetary losses to England by levying taxes of their own. Based on the chart showing the United States’ value of exports to England and population, it seems like the numbers are all over the place. The export profits are never constantly increasing even though the population is increasing. Usually, if the population goes up, so do the number of goods exported and prices will go down.That is true for this time period, however, England is not buying all that the United States have to export. The central government of the United States cannot regulate trade at all and it is deeply affecting the profits. Also, Spain closing the Mississippi River does not help the American trade. The entire western part of the United States uses that river for exporting. That cut off a large amount of profit for Americans. None of that would have happened if the United States were under a stronger government than the Articles of Confederation provided.The Articles of Confederation did not help American trade. Some people may have thought t hat the Articles of Confederation provided an effective government, but they did not. The United States were not united at all under the Articles of Confederation. The United States could not stand up for itself and be taken seriously under the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation caused the United States to be economically unstable. The Articles of Confederation never provided the United States with an effective government.

The Bcg Matrix - 1694 Words

BCG Matrix Opportunity - Threat Analysis Submitted to: Professor Clyde By : Parth Mithani Roll No. 60 F.Y.M.M.S. Alkesh Dinesh Modi Institute for Financial amp; Management Studies. 1) The BCG Matrix The BCG / Growth-Share matrix is a model developed by the Boston Consultancy Group in the early 1970’s. It is a well known tool for a marketing manager. It is based on the observation that a company’s business units can be classified into four main categories based on combinations of market growth and market share, hence the name growth-share matrix. Market growth represents the industry attractive attractiveness, and market share stands for competitive advantage. This helps the marketing manager allocate resources and is used as an†¦show more content†¦* A business with a low market share can be profitable too. To understand this concept more clearly, lets study the BCG Matrix on Nestle: Market Growth Market Share Low High High Low Stars: Cash Cows: Problem Children: Dogs: Nescafe Cerelac Milo Maggi Sauce Kit Kat Bar One Nestle Milk Maggi Noodles Nestea Milkybar Crunch Munch i. Product: Nescafe Position: Star Reasons for present positioning: * Nescafe is one of the leading coffee brands in the Indian market. * It has find a dominance which is unparalleled by any other brand in the country. * Not only does it have a high market share but it growth rate is also significantly high. * The name Nescafe has become generic with coffee. ii. Product: Maggi Noodles Position: Cash Cow Reasons for present positioning: * It is surprising to note that Maggi Noodles, which has found more households of consumption in India that any other country in the world and has become the first preference of Indian children in terms of instant food, is only a cash cow and not a star. * The reason essentially lies in the fact that though Maggi Noodles has a significantly high market share in the Noodles market in India, the market growth * Rate of Noodle consumption is not very high. * Though the number of repeat purchasers is high in case of Maggi, the rate of increase among the new purchasers is not too high. iii. Product: MiloShow MoreRelatedBcg Matrix ( Bcg ) Matrix1409 Words   |  6 Pages(BCG) Matrix. This type of matrix is used to recognize how a company is surviving in different markets. â€Å"The BCG Matrix graphically depicts differences among divisions in terms of relative market share position and industry growth rate† (Jones p. 177). (See Appendix D for and example BCG Matrix). Under Armour has two areas that are a major star for the company. Stars, represent the organizations best opportunities for growth. According to Williams (2015) Under Armour is continuing to seeRead MoreBcg Matrix1487 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is BCG matrix? The BCG matrix is a chart that had been created by Bruce Henderson for the Boston Consulting Group in 1968 to help corporations with analyzing their business units or product lines. This helps the company allocate resources and is used as an analytical tool in brand marketing, product management, strategic management, and portfolio analysis. 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